Las cooperativas en las cadenas de valor del café en Guatemala: su contribución al logro de objetivos sociales, laborales y ambientales
Palabras clave:
cooperativas, cadenas de valor, café, desarrollo sostenible
Resumen
La economía mundial está actualmente constituida por “cadenas de suministro integradas, donde más de la mitad de las importaciones totales de bienes manufacturados, y más del 70 por ciento de las importaciones totales de servicios, son bienes o servicios intermedios” (Lagarde, 2014). Este estudio propone un modelo de cadenas de valor en base a la perspectiva empresarial -tradicional versus sostenible- y los mecanismos de gobernanza -centralizados versus descentralizados- que las caracterizan. El objetivo es explorar el papel que adoptan las cooperativas en las cadenas de valor de café en Guatemala y de qué manera las cadenas de valor lideradas por cooperativas pueden diferir de aquellas dirigidas por inversores. El trabajo plantea que las cooperativas aportan a la construcción de cadenas de valor sostenibles y relacionales, con una triple línea de base que incluye objetivos sociales, laborales y ambientales.
Descargas
La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.
Citas
Asociación Nacional del Café - ANACAFÉ, (2015). Exportación por destino. Guatemala. Cosecha 2014- 2015. Recuperado de: www.anacafe.org/glifos/index.php?title=02EYP:Registro_expodestinos# Cosecha_2014-2015
Anker, M. y Anker, R. (2013). A Shared Approach to Estimating Living Wages Short description of the agreed methodology, ISEAL Alliance. Recuperado de: www.isealalliance.org/sites/default/files/Descrip ton%20of%20Living%20Wage%20Methodology%2020131124.pdf
BCIE (2009). Guatemala. Inventario de las cooperativas productivas. Banco Centroamericano de Integración Económica. Recuperado de: http://www.bcie.org/uploaded/content/category/344680993.pdf.
Boons, F., y Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2013). Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda. Journal of Cleaner Production, 45, 9-19.
Cashore, B., Auld, G., Bernstein, S., y Mcdermott, C. (2007). Can Non- state Governance ‘Ratchet Up’ Global Environmental Standards? Lessons from the Forest Sector. Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, 16(2), 158–172.
CBI, (2010). CB1 Café en Guatemala, Análisis de la Cadena de Valor. CBI Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Recuperado de: www.cbi.org.
CBI (2014). CBI Channels and Segments: Coffee, CBI Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Recuperado de: www.cbi.eu/sites/default/files/channels- segments-europe-2014.pdf.
Conservation International (CI) (2016) Recuperado de: http://www.conservation.org/Pages/default.aspx
COVERCO (2000). Trabajadores del café en Guatemala: un estudio de condiciones laborales y de vida en las fincas del café, Ciudad de Guatemala: COVERCO. Recuperado de: http://www.coverco.org.gt/
4C ASSOCIATION (2015). 4C Code of Conduct.. Recuperado de: www.4c-coffeeassociation.org/assets/files/4CDoc_001a_Code_of_ Conduct_v.2.0_EN.pdf
Department for International Development DFID. (2010). Working with Co-operatives for Poverty Reduction. Recuperado de https://coopseurope.coop/development/sites/default/files/cooperatives- briefing-note.pdf
Dempsey, X. (2006). A case study of institution building and value chain strengthening to link Ethiopian Cooperative producers to international markets, Addis Ababa: ACDI/VOCA. Recuperado de: globalfoodchainpartnerships.org/cairo/papers/JimDempseyEthiopia.pdf
Elkington, J. (1999). Cannibals with forks. Oxford: Capstone.
FAIR TRADE (2009). Carta de los principios del comercio justo. Recuperado de: www.fairtrade-advocacy.org/images/FTAO
_charters_3rd_version_ES_v1.3.pdf.
Fearne, A., Duffy, R. y Hornibrook, S. (2005). Justice in UK supermarket buyer-supplier relationships: an empirical analysis, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 33(8), 570- 582.
Flores, M., Bratescu, A., Martínez, J.O., Oviedo, J., y Acosta, A. (2002). Centroamérica: el impacto de la caída de los precios del café. México D.F.: Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. Recuperado de: http://www.cepal.org/publicaciones/xml/9/9679/l517.pdf
Gereffi, G. (1994). The organisation of buyer-driven global commodity chains: How US retailers shape overseas production networks. En G. Gereffi & M. Korzeniewicz (eds), Commodity Chains and Global Development (pp. 95-122). Westport: Praeger.
Gereffi, G. y Fernandez-Stark, K. (2011). Global Value Chain Analysis: A Primer. North Carolina: Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness- Duke University. Recuperado de: www.cggc.duke.edu/pdfs/2011-05-31_GVC_analysis_a_primer.pdf
Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J., y Sturgeon, T. (2005). The governance of global value chains. Review of International Political Economy, 12(1), 78- 104.
Gonzalez, A. y Nigh, R. (2004). Smallholder participation and certification of organic farm products in Mexico. Journal of Rural Studies, 21, 449-460.
Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481–510.
Granovetter, M. y Swedberg, R. (1992). The Sociology of Economic Life, Boulder: Westview Press.
Green, P. [Plymouth University]. (7 de marzo, 2014). Pauline Green Beyond Capitalism [Archivo de video]. Recuperado de: www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1FIfNLs5uw.
Hodgson, G.M. (2006). What are institutions? Journal of Economic Issues, XI (1), 1-23.
ICEP- CODESPA (2008). Coop NKL & Ethical Coffee Trading: Good for farmers and for retailers. En ICEP-CODESPA Business and Poverty: Innovative strategies for global CSR. The global CSR case-book (pp. 205- 216). Viena: ICEP-CODESPA. Recuperado de: http://www.globalcsr.eu/media/pdf/EthicalTrading_Coop.pdf
Katz, J.P. y Boland, M. (2002). One for all and all for one? A new generation of cooperatives emerges. Long Range Planning, 35(1), 73-89.
King, A., Lenox, M. y Terlaak, A. (2005). The Strategic Use of Decentralized Institutions: Exploring Certification with the ISO 14001 Management Standard, Academy of Management Journal, 48(6), 1091- 1106. Recuperado de: faculty.tuck.dartmouth.edu/images/ uploads/faculty/andrew-king/King_Lenox_Terlaak.pdf
Kleindorfer, P.R., Singhal K., Van Wassenhove L. (2005). Sustainable Operations Management. Production and Operations Management 14 (4) pp. 482–492
Lagarde, C. (2014). A New Multilateralism for the 21st Century: the Richard Dimbleby Lecture. Recuperado de www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2014/020314.htm
Laporte, N. (2013). Coffee’s Economics, Rewritten by Farmers, The New York Times, 16 de marzo. Recuperado de: www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/business/coffees-economics-rewritten- by-farmers.html
Malkin, E. (2007). Certifying Coffee Aids Farmers and Forests in Chiapas, The New York Times, 22 de abril, Recuperado de: www.nytimes.com/2007/04/22/world/americas/22coffeeweb.html?_r=0.
Mayer, F y Gereffi, G. (2010). Regulation and Economic Globalization: Prospects and Limits of Private Governance, Business and Politics, 12(3), 1-25. Recuperado de: www.bepress.com/bap/vol12/iss13/art11/.
Millard, E. (2007). Increasing Profitability for Farmers Supplying to the International Coffee Market by Improving Supply Chain Management, including Traceability. Washington D.C.: Conservation International. Recuperado de: globalfoodchainpartnerships.org/cairo
/papers/EdwardMillardCoffee.pdf.
Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., y Allen, J. (2005). The entrepreneur's business model: toward a unified perspective, Journal of Business Research, 58(6), 726-735.
Northrop, R. (2014). When Coffee Speaks: Stories from and of Latin American Coffeepeople, United States: Rachel Northrop.
Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) (2016). Sinopsis del trabajo infantil en la agricultura, Programa Internacional para la Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil, Recuperado de: white.lim.ilo.org/ipec/ documentos/hojas_informativas2_.pdf
Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) (2016a). Cadenas de Valor, Recuperado de: www.ilo.org/empent/areas/value-chain-development- vcd/lang--es/index.htm
Polanyi, K. (2003). La Gran Transformación, Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Ponte, S. (2002). The Coffee Crisis, Copenhagen: Centre for Development Research.
Rayport, J. y Sviokla, J. (1995). Exploiting the virtual value chain. Harvard Business Review, 73(6), 75.
Rogers, C. (2013). Atlanta-Based “Thrive Farmers” Changing Worldwide Coffee Industry, GPB Media, Recuperado de: www.gpb.org/blogs/georgia-works/2013/04/03/atlanta-based-%E2%80%9 Cthrive-farmers%E2%80%9D-changing-worldwide-coffee-industry
Securities and Exchange Commission (2015). Form D. Notice of Exempt Offering of Securities. Recuperado de: www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1640921/000164092115000002/xslFo rmDX01/primary_doc.xml
Sheridan, M. (2011). What Makes A Cooperative Special?, Coffelands. Recuperado de: coffeelands.crs.org/2011/04/what-makes-a-cooperative- special/.
Sheridan, M. (2014). Value. Coffelands. Recuperado de: http://coffeelands.crs.org/2014/05/408-value/
Sherman, S. (2012). The Brawl Over Fair Trade Coffee, The Nation, 10 septiembre. Recuperado de: www.thenation.com/article/brawl-over- fair-trade-coffee/.
Siggelkow, N., y Levinthal, D. A. (2003). Temporarily divide to conquer: Centralized, decentralized, and reintegrated organizational approaches to exploration and adaptation. Organization Science, 14(6), 650-669.
Slywotzky, A. (1996). Value migration. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.
Sparrow, P. Wong, W., Otaye, L., y Bevan, S. (2013). The changing contours of fairness: can we match individual and organizational perspectives, The Work Foundation. Recuperado de: www.theworkfoundation.com/DownloadPublication/Report/343_The% 20changing%20contours%20of%20fairness.pdf.
Stamm, A. y Von Drachenfels, C. (2011). Value chain development, approaches and activities by seven UN agencies and opportunities for interagency cooperation, Ginebra: OIT.
Starbucks (2015). Company Profile. Recuperado de: news.starbucks. com/uploads/documents/AboutUs-Company_Profile-Q32015- 8.6.2015.pdf.
Starbucks (2015). Annual Reports – Financial. Recuperado de http://investor.starbucks.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=99518&p=irol-reports Annual
Starbucks (2016). C.A.F.E Practices, An Overview. Recuperado de http://www.starbucks.com/responsibility/sourcing/coffee
Stewart, D.W., y Zhao, Q. (2000). Internet marketing, business models, and public policy. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 19(2), 287-296.
Anker, M. y Anker, R. (2013). A Shared Approach to Estimating Living Wages Short description of the agreed methodology, ISEAL Alliance. Recuperado de: www.isealalliance.org/sites/default/files/Descrip ton%20of%20Living%20Wage%20Methodology%2020131124.pdf
BCIE (2009). Guatemala. Inventario de las cooperativas productivas. Banco Centroamericano de Integración Económica. Recuperado de: http://www.bcie.org/uploaded/content/category/344680993.pdf.
Boons, F., y Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2013). Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda. Journal of Cleaner Production, 45, 9-19.
Cashore, B., Auld, G., Bernstein, S., y Mcdermott, C. (2007). Can Non- state Governance ‘Ratchet Up’ Global Environmental Standards? Lessons from the Forest Sector. Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, 16(2), 158–172.
CBI, (2010). CB1 Café en Guatemala, Análisis de la Cadena de Valor. CBI Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Recuperado de: www.cbi.org.
CBI (2014). CBI Channels and Segments: Coffee, CBI Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Recuperado de: www.cbi.eu/sites/default/files/channels- segments-europe-2014.pdf.
Conservation International (CI) (2016) Recuperado de: http://www.conservation.org/Pages/default.aspx
COVERCO (2000). Trabajadores del café en Guatemala: un estudio de condiciones laborales y de vida en las fincas del café, Ciudad de Guatemala: COVERCO. Recuperado de: http://www.coverco.org.gt/
4C ASSOCIATION (2015). 4C Code of Conduct.. Recuperado de: www.4c-coffeeassociation.org/assets/files/4CDoc_001a_Code_of_ Conduct_v.2.0_EN.pdf
Department for International Development DFID. (2010). Working with Co-operatives for Poverty Reduction. Recuperado de https://coopseurope.coop/development/sites/default/files/cooperatives- briefing-note.pdf
Dempsey, X. (2006). A case study of institution building and value chain strengthening to link Ethiopian Cooperative producers to international markets, Addis Ababa: ACDI/VOCA. Recuperado de: globalfoodchainpartnerships.org/cairo/papers/JimDempseyEthiopia.pdf
Elkington, J. (1999). Cannibals with forks. Oxford: Capstone.
FAIR TRADE (2009). Carta de los principios del comercio justo. Recuperado de: www.fairtrade-advocacy.org/images/FTAO
_charters_3rd_version_ES_v1.3.pdf.
Fearne, A., Duffy, R. y Hornibrook, S. (2005). Justice in UK supermarket buyer-supplier relationships: an empirical analysis, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 33(8), 570- 582.
Flores, M., Bratescu, A., Martínez, J.O., Oviedo, J., y Acosta, A. (2002). Centroamérica: el impacto de la caída de los precios del café. México D.F.: Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. Recuperado de: http://www.cepal.org/publicaciones/xml/9/9679/l517.pdf
Gereffi, G. (1994). The organisation of buyer-driven global commodity chains: How US retailers shape overseas production networks. En G. Gereffi & M. Korzeniewicz (eds), Commodity Chains and Global Development (pp. 95-122). Westport: Praeger.
Gereffi, G. y Fernandez-Stark, K. (2011). Global Value Chain Analysis: A Primer. North Carolina: Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness- Duke University. Recuperado de: www.cggc.duke.edu/pdfs/2011-05-31_GVC_analysis_a_primer.pdf
Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J., y Sturgeon, T. (2005). The governance of global value chains. Review of International Political Economy, 12(1), 78- 104.
Gonzalez, A. y Nigh, R. (2004). Smallholder participation and certification of organic farm products in Mexico. Journal of Rural Studies, 21, 449-460.
Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481–510.
Granovetter, M. y Swedberg, R. (1992). The Sociology of Economic Life, Boulder: Westview Press.
Green, P. [Plymouth University]. (7 de marzo, 2014). Pauline Green Beyond Capitalism [Archivo de video]. Recuperado de: www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1FIfNLs5uw.
Hodgson, G.M. (2006). What are institutions? Journal of Economic Issues, XI (1), 1-23.
ICEP- CODESPA (2008). Coop NKL & Ethical Coffee Trading: Good for farmers and for retailers. En ICEP-CODESPA Business and Poverty: Innovative strategies for global CSR. The global CSR case-book (pp. 205- 216). Viena: ICEP-CODESPA. Recuperado de: http://www.globalcsr.eu/media/pdf/EthicalTrading_Coop.pdf
Katz, J.P. y Boland, M. (2002). One for all and all for one? A new generation of cooperatives emerges. Long Range Planning, 35(1), 73-89.
King, A., Lenox, M. y Terlaak, A. (2005). The Strategic Use of Decentralized Institutions: Exploring Certification with the ISO 14001 Management Standard, Academy of Management Journal, 48(6), 1091- 1106. Recuperado de: faculty.tuck.dartmouth.edu/images/ uploads/faculty/andrew-king/King_Lenox_Terlaak.pdf
Kleindorfer, P.R., Singhal K., Van Wassenhove L. (2005). Sustainable Operations Management. Production and Operations Management 14 (4) pp. 482–492
Lagarde, C. (2014). A New Multilateralism for the 21st Century: the Richard Dimbleby Lecture. Recuperado de www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2014/020314.htm
Laporte, N. (2013). Coffee’s Economics, Rewritten by Farmers, The New York Times, 16 de marzo. Recuperado de: www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/business/coffees-economics-rewritten- by-farmers.html
Malkin, E. (2007). Certifying Coffee Aids Farmers and Forests in Chiapas, The New York Times, 22 de abril, Recuperado de: www.nytimes.com/2007/04/22/world/americas/22coffeeweb.html?_r=0.
Mayer, F y Gereffi, G. (2010). Regulation and Economic Globalization: Prospects and Limits of Private Governance, Business and Politics, 12(3), 1-25. Recuperado de: www.bepress.com/bap/vol12/iss13/art11/.
Millard, E. (2007). Increasing Profitability for Farmers Supplying to the International Coffee Market by Improving Supply Chain Management, including Traceability. Washington D.C.: Conservation International. Recuperado de: globalfoodchainpartnerships.org/cairo
/papers/EdwardMillardCoffee.pdf.
Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., y Allen, J. (2005). The entrepreneur's business model: toward a unified perspective, Journal of Business Research, 58(6), 726-735.
Northrop, R. (2014). When Coffee Speaks: Stories from and of Latin American Coffeepeople, United States: Rachel Northrop.
Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) (2016). Sinopsis del trabajo infantil en la agricultura, Programa Internacional para la Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil, Recuperado de: white.lim.ilo.org/ipec/ documentos/hojas_informativas2_.pdf
Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) (2016a). Cadenas de Valor, Recuperado de: www.ilo.org/empent/areas/value-chain-development- vcd/lang--es/index.htm
Polanyi, K. (2003). La Gran Transformación, Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Ponte, S. (2002). The Coffee Crisis, Copenhagen: Centre for Development Research.
Rayport, J. y Sviokla, J. (1995). Exploiting the virtual value chain. Harvard Business Review, 73(6), 75.
Rogers, C. (2013). Atlanta-Based “Thrive Farmers” Changing Worldwide Coffee Industry, GPB Media, Recuperado de: www.gpb.org/blogs/georgia-works/2013/04/03/atlanta-based-%E2%80%9 Cthrive-farmers%E2%80%9D-changing-worldwide-coffee-industry
Securities and Exchange Commission (2015). Form D. Notice of Exempt Offering of Securities. Recuperado de: www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1640921/000164092115000002/xslFo rmDX01/primary_doc.xml
Sheridan, M. (2011). What Makes A Cooperative Special?, Coffelands. Recuperado de: coffeelands.crs.org/2011/04/what-makes-a-cooperative- special/.
Sheridan, M. (2014). Value. Coffelands. Recuperado de: http://coffeelands.crs.org/2014/05/408-value/
Sherman, S. (2012). The Brawl Over Fair Trade Coffee, The Nation, 10 septiembre. Recuperado de: www.thenation.com/article/brawl-over- fair-trade-coffee/.
Siggelkow, N., y Levinthal, D. A. (2003). Temporarily divide to conquer: Centralized, decentralized, and reintegrated organizational approaches to exploration and adaptation. Organization Science, 14(6), 650-669.
Slywotzky, A. (1996). Value migration. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.
Sparrow, P. Wong, W., Otaye, L., y Bevan, S. (2013). The changing contours of fairness: can we match individual and organizational perspectives, The Work Foundation. Recuperado de: www.theworkfoundation.com/DownloadPublication/Report/343_The% 20changing%20contours%20of%20fairness.pdf.
Stamm, A. y Von Drachenfels, C. (2011). Value chain development, approaches and activities by seven UN agencies and opportunities for interagency cooperation, Ginebra: OIT.
Starbucks (2015). Company Profile. Recuperado de: news.starbucks. com/uploads/documents/AboutUs-Company_Profile-Q32015- 8.6.2015.pdf.
Starbucks (2015). Annual Reports – Financial. Recuperado de http://investor.starbucks.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=99518&p=irol-reports Annual
Starbucks (2016). C.A.F.E Practices, An Overview. Recuperado de http://www.starbucks.com/responsibility/sourcing/coffee
Stewart, D.W., y Zhao, Q. (2000). Internet marketing, business models, and public policy. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 19(2), 287-296.
Publicado
2016-04-30
Cómo citar
Sanchez Bajo, C. (2016). Las cooperativas en las cadenas de valor del café en Guatemala: su contribución al logro de objetivos sociales, laborales y ambientales. Revista Del Centro De Estudios De Sociología Del Trabajo (CESOT), (8), 35-74. Recuperado a partir de https://ojs.econ.uba.ar/index.php/CESOT/article/view/1446
Sección
Artículos
Aquellos autores/as que tengan publicaciones con esta revista, aceptan los términos siguientes:
- Los autores/as conservarán sus derechos de autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la Licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) que permite a terceros copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato y adaptar — remezclar, transformar y construir a partir del material bajo la la misma licencia del original. En todos los casos, debe dar crédito de manera adecuada.
- Los autores/as podrán adoptar otros acuerdos de licencia no exclusiva de distribución de la versión de la obra publicada (p. ej.: depositarla en un archivo telemático institucional o publicarla en un volumen monográfico) siempre que se indique la publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as difundir su obra a través de Internet (p. ej.: en archivos telemáticos institucionales o en su página web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, lo cual puede producir intercambios interesantes y aumentar las citas de la obra publicada. (Véase El efecto del acceso abierto).
Revista del Centro de Estudios de Sociología del Trabajo está bajo una licencia de 