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)
Revista Interdisciplinaria de Estudios Agrarios Nº 50 | 1er. Semestre de 2019
Entre o final da década de 1980 e início da de 1990, com o au-
mento da adesão às políticas de cunho neoliberal por Fernando Collor, o
governo criou e reestruturou normas para abertura dos mercados agrí-
colas. Segundo Batista (1994, p.27), foi com Collor alinhado aos Esta-
dos Unidos que o Brasil aderiu intensamente aos postulados neoliberais
do Consenso de Washington, abrindo o mercado e “enxugando” o Esta-
do. Tais ações culminaram em maiores investimentos externos no país
o que o tornou ainda mais dependente do mercado internacionalizado.
Segundo Massuquetti, Souza e Beroldt (2009, p.12), nos anos
1990, houve uma diminuição da participação do governo federal no
financiamento para agricultura deixando grandes empresas ligadas ao
agronegócio reorganizarem o espaço da produção agrícola de acordo
com seus interesses. O crédito rural, no entanto, manteve-se basica-
mente na sistemática anterior, passando a ser corrigido pela inflação
e com limites fixados de recursos emprestados em função do tamanho
do produtor.
Segundo Guimarães (1997, apud Gryzagoridis e Ferreira, 2008,
p.9), as médias anuais dos financiamentos concedidos pelo SNCR entre
1975/79 e 1980/89, foram respectivamente R$ 29,95 bilhões e R$ 21,88
bilhões. Já nos períodos 1990/99 e 2000/05, as médias anuais foram,
respectivamente, R$ 13,38 bilhões e R$ 16,43 bilhões, bastante inferio-
res às dos períodos anteriores.
Apesar dos percalços trazidos pela redução do crédito estatal, a
agricultura brasileira conseguiu manter um bom desempenho e aumen-
to da produtividade através de avanços técnico-científicos aliados às
novas políticas e planos econômicos e mecanismos privados que permi-
tiram o crescimento das exportações.
Em 1993, no governo Itamar Franco, o Estado diminuiu ainda
mais o crédito subsidiado e a garantia de preços mínimos, o que gerou
consequências no setor agrícola e uma seletividade produtiva, concen-
trando a produção em produtos que recebiam mais apoio tecnológico
(Baer, 2002, p.408). Quanto à reforma agrária, o então presidente pro-
porcionou uma lenta retomada das ações de assentamentos, mais pro-
missoras do que seu antecessor.
O governo seguinte, Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995/2002),
foi marcado pelas consequências da implantação do Plano Real, como
as altas taxas de juros, a valorização da taxa de câmbio e a liberalização
da importação, que atingiram o setor agrícola. Houve assim redução
dos gastos na denominada “Função Agricultura” até 1997 (Sonaglio e
Rodrigues, 2012, p.12). De acordo com Novaes (2008, p.10), coube ao
76 A. Barbosa Ribeiro Ferreira, M. R. Toledo, G. Pereira y F. C. Resende